Preheat your oven to 350°F (175°C). Wash and dry 1 large sweet potato, then poke it a few times with a fork. Bake directly on the oven rack or on a lined tray for 45–60 minutes, until very soft when pierced. Let it cool slightly, scoop out the flesh, and mash until completely smooth. Measure 1 cup of packed mashed sweet potato. This step can be done up to 3 days ahead and stored in the fridge.
Line an 8×8-inch baking pan with parchment paper, leaving an overhang on two sides to lift the brownies out later. Lightly grease the parchment with a bit of coconut oil or baking spray. Keep the oven at 350°F (175°C).
In a medium bowl, whisk together the mashed sweet potato, eggs (or prepared flax eggs), maple syrup, nut butter, melted coconut oil, and vanilla extract until the mixture is smooth and glossy with no large lumps of sweet potato.
Sift or sprinkle in the cocoa powder, fine sea salt, baking soda, and if using, cinnamon and espresso powder. Gently whisk or stir with a spatula just until combined. The batter will be thick—thicker than cake batter but looser than cookie dough. If it seems extremely stiff, stir in 1–2 tablespoons of milk to loosen slightly.
Fold in 1/3–1/2 cup dark chocolate chips or chunks, reserving a small handful for the top. If the batter is still warm from the sweet potato, let it cool for a few minutes first so the chips do not fully melt.
Transfer the batter to the prepared pan. Use a spatula to spread it evenly into the corners and smooth the top. Sprinkle the reserved chocolate chips and a light pinch of flaky sea salt (if using) over the surface.
Bake at 350°F (175°C) for 22–28 minutes. Begin checking at 20–22 minutes. The center should look set but still slightly soft, and a toothpick inserted in the middle should come out with moist crumbs, not wet batter. The brownies will firm up as they cool.
Place the pan on a cooling rack and let the brownies cool in the pan for at least 25–30 minutes, or until completely cool for the fudgiest texture. Cooling allows them to set and slice cleanly.
Use the parchment overhang to lift the slab of brownies out of the pan. Cut into 12–16 squares with a sharp knife, wiping the blade between cuts for clean edges. Serve at room temperature or chilled.