Preheat your oven to 350°F (175°C). Line a 9×13-inch baking pan with parchment paper, leaving an overhang for easy removal, or lightly grease the pan with baking spray or butter. You can spray under the parchment to help it stick and not slide around.
nonstick spray or extra butter, parchment paper
Melt the butter in a medium saucepan over low heat, or in the microwave in 20–30 second bursts until just melted. Pour the melted butter into a large mixing bowl and whisk in the granulated sugar and light brown sugar until the mixture looks thick and glossy.
1 cup unsalted butter, 2 cups granulated sugar, 1/2 cup light brown sugar
Add the eggs one at a time, whisking well after each addition until fully incorporated. Stir in the vanilla extract. The batter should be smooth and slightly thick.
4 large eggs, 2 teaspoons vanilla extract
In a separate bowl, whisk together the flour, cocoa powder, baking powder, and fine sea salt, breaking up any cocoa lumps.
1 cup all-purpose flour, 3/4 cup unsweetened cocoa powder, 1/2 teaspoon baking powder, 3/4 teaspoon fine sea salt
Gently fold the dry ingredients into the wet mixture using a spatula, mixing just until no streaks of dry flour remain. Avoid overmixing so the brownies stay fudgy.
1 cup all-purpose flour, 3/4 cup unsweetened cocoa powder, 1/2 teaspoon baking powder, 3/4 teaspoon fine sea salt
Fold in 1 cup of semi-sweet chocolate chips or chunks. If the batter feels very loose or your kitchen is warm, chill the bowl in the refrigerator for 5–10 minutes to slightly thicken it before spreading.
1 cup semi-sweet chocolate chips
Spread the brownie batter evenly in the prepared 9×13-inch pan. Bake for 22–28 minutes, or until the edges are set and just starting to pull away from the sides, while the center still looks slightly soft. A toothpick inserted about 2 inches from the edge should come out with a few moist crumbs, not wet batter.
Remove the pan from the oven. Immediately sprinkle the mini marshmallows evenly over the hot brownie base, then scatter the chopped nuts on top. Return the pan to the oven and bake for 3–5 minutes, just until the marshmallows are puffed and starting to turn lightly golden at the tips. Watch closely so they don’t burn.
3 cups mini marshmallows, 1 cup chopped nuts
While the marshmallows puff in the oven, combine 3/4 cup chocolate chips and the heavy cream in a microwave-safe bowl. Microwave in 20-second bursts, stirring after each, until the mixture is smooth and shiny. Stir in the vanilla extract and a pinch of salt.
3/4 cup chocolate chips, 1/3 cup heavy cream, 1 teaspoon vanilla extract, salt
Take the brownies out of the oven. While the marshmallows are still hot and soft, drizzle the warm chocolate mixture over the top. Use a spoon to gently swirl it through the marshmallows and nuts in loose zigzags without pressing down too much so you don’t deflate the topping.
3 cups mini marshmallows, 1 cup chopped nuts, 3/4 cup chocolate chips, 1/3 cup heavy cream, 1 teaspoon vanilla extract, salt
Place the pan on a wire rack and let the rocky road brownies cool in the pan for at least 1–2 hours, until the topping is set. For the cleanest slices, cool completely and optionally chill for 30–60 minutes.
Use the parchment overhang to lift the slab of brownies out of the pan. With a sharp knife, slice into 20–24 bars, wiping the knife clean between cuts for neat squares. Serve slightly warm for a gooey dessert, or at room temperature for firmer, chewier bars.