Preheat your oven to 350°F (175°C). Line a 9x13-inch metal baking pan with parchment paper, leaving an overhang on two sides for easy removal. Lightly grease the parchment and sides of the pan.
nonstick spray or butter, parchment paper
In a medium bowl, whisk together the all-purpose flour, baking powder, baking soda, and salt until well combined. Set aside.
2 3/4 cups all-purpose flour, 1 teaspoon baking powder, 1/2 teaspoon baking soda, 1/2 teaspoon fine sea salt
In a large mixing bowl, whisk together the melted, slightly cooled butter and 1 1/2 cups granulated sugar for about 1 minute, until thick and glossy.
1 cup unsalted butter, 1 1/2 cups granulated sugar
Whisk in the eggs one at a time until smooth. Stir in the vanilla extract, fresh lemon juice, and lemon zest until evenly distributed.
2 large eggs, 2 teaspoons pure vanilla extract, 2 tablespoons fresh lemon juice, 2 tablespoons lemon zest
Add the flour mixture to the wet ingredients in two additions, folding gently with a spatula just until no dry streaks of flour remain. The dough will be thick, like cookie dough.
2 3/4 cups all-purpose flour, 1 teaspoon baking powder, 1/2 teaspoon baking soda, 1/2 teaspoon fine sea salt
If using white chocolate chips or other mix-ins, gently fold them into the dough until evenly distributed.
1/2 cup white chocolate chips or chunks
Transfer the dough to the prepared pan. Use a spatula or lightly greased or damp fingertips to press it into an even layer all the way to the corners, smoothing the top.
Sprinkle the 1/3 cup granulated sugar evenly over the top of the dough, followed by the 1/3 cup powdered sugar. If using coarse sugar, sprinkle it on top as well.
1/3 cup granulated sugar, 1/3 cup powdered sugar, 1 tablespoon coarse sugar
Bake at 350°F (175°C) for 18–23 minutes, or until the edges are lightly golden, the center is puffed but still looks slightly soft, and a toothpick inserted near the center comes out with a few moist crumbs (not wet batter). Start checking around 16 minutes if your oven runs hot.
Place the pan on a wire rack and let the bars cool completely in the pan. Once cool, use the parchment sling to lift the slab out. Cut into squares or rectangles, wiping the knife between cuts for clean slices.