Preheat the oven to 350°F (175°C). Lightly grease a 9×13-inch baking dish with butter or nonstick spray to help keep the fruit from sticking.
If using canned blueberry pie filling, spread the 2 cans evenly over the bottom of the prepared baking dish. If using fresh or frozen blueberries, toss 5–6 cups berries with 1/2 cup sugar, 2 tablespoons cornstarch, and 1 tablespoon lemon juice in a bowl, then pour the mixture into the baking dish and spread into an even layer.
2 cans blueberry pie filling, 5-6 cups fresh or frozen blueberries, 1/2 cup granulated sugar, 2 tablespoons cornstarch, 1 tablespoon lemon juice
Sprinkle the lemon zest evenly over the blueberry layer. Drizzle the vanilla extract over the top, and add the 1 tablespoon lemon juice if using. Gently stir just the fruit layer so the zest and vanilla are scattered throughout without fully mixing everything together.
1 tablespoon lemon zest, 1 tablespoon lemon juice, 1 teaspoon vanilla extract
Open the lemon cake mix and sprinkle it evenly over the blueberries from edge to edge. Do not stir. Break up any large clumps of dry mix with your fingers so it bakes more evenly.
1 box lemon cake mix
Sprinkle a small pinch of salt evenly over the dry cake mix to balance the sweetness. If using nuts or shredded coconut, scatter them evenly over the top for added crunch and texture.
salt, 1/2 cup sliced almonds, chopped pecans, or shredded coconut
Slowly drizzle the melted butter evenly over the entire surface of the cake mix, trying to moisten as much of the dry mix as possible. Some small dry patches are fine; they will absorb moisture from the fruit and create crisp, crunchy bits as they bake.
1/2 cup unsalted butter
Place the baking dish on the middle oven rack and bake for 40–50 minutes, or until the top is golden brown and the blueberry layer is bubbling around the edges. If your oven runs hot, begin checking for doneness at about 35 minutes.
Remove the dump cake from the oven and let it rest for 15–20 minutes so the fruit layer can thicken slightly. Serve warm, plain or with vanilla ice cream, whipped cream, or a spoonful of Greek yogurt.