Preheat oven to 350°F (175°C). Line two large baking sheets with parchment paper or silicone baking mats.
In a medium bowl, whisk together the flour, 2 teaspoons cinnamon, 2 teaspoons ginger, 1/2 teaspoon cloves, 1/2 teaspoon nutmeg, baking soda, cream of tartar, and salt until evenly combined. Set aside.
2 3/4 cups all-purpose flour, 2 teaspoons ground cinnamon, 2 teaspoons ground ginger, 1/2 teaspoon ground cloves, 1/2 teaspoon ground nutmeg, 1 teaspoon baking soda, 1 1/2 teaspoons cream of tartar, 1/2 teaspoon fine sea salt
In a large mixing bowl, beat the softened butter, 1 cup granulated sugar, and brown sugar with a hand mixer or stand mixer on medium speed for 2–3 minutes, until light, fluffy, and slightly paler in color.
1 cup unsalted butter, 1 cup granulated sugar, 1/2 cup light brown sugar
Add the egg, egg yolk, and vanilla to the creamed mixture and beat on medium speed until smooth, about 1 minute. Scrape down the bowl, then add the molasses and beat again until fully incorporated.
1 large egg, 1 large egg yolk, 2 teaspoons pure vanilla extract, 3 tablespoons unsulphured molasses
With the mixer on low speed, gradually add the dry ingredient mixture to the wet ingredients, about 1/2 cup at a time, mixing just until a soft dough forms and no large streaks of flour remain. Do not overmix.
Cover the bowl and chill the dough in the refrigerator for at least 30–45 minutes, or up to 48 hours, to help the flavors develop and control spreading.
In a small shallow bowl, stir together 1/4 cup granulated sugar, 2 teaspoons cinnamon, 1/2 teaspoon ginger, and a pinch of cloves until evenly mixed.
1/4 cup granulated sugar, 2 teaspoons ground cinnamon, 1/2 teaspoon ground ginger, ground cloves
Using a medium cookie scoop (about 1 1/2 tablespoons of dough), portion the dough and roll each portion into a smooth ball between your palms. Roll each ball in the spiced sugar mixture to coat on all sides, then place on the prepared baking sheets about 2 inches apart.
Bake one sheet at a time for 9–11 minutes, or until the edges are just set and lightly golden and the tops are puffed and crackly. The centers should still look slightly soft.
Allow cookies to cool on the baking sheet for 5 minutes, then transfer to a wire rack to cool completely. Serve warm or at room temperature.