Preheat your oven to 350°F (175°C). Grease a 9x13-inch baking pan with butter or nonstick spray, then line it with parchment paper, leaving an overhang on two sides for easy lifting.
In a large mixing bowl, beat the softened butter and granulated sugar on medium speed for 2–3 minutes, until light, pale, and fluffy.
1 cup unsalted butter, 1 1/2 cups granulated sugar
Beat in the eggs one at a time, mixing well and scraping down the bowl after each addition. Add the vanilla and 1/2 teaspoon almond extract and mix until smooth and glossy.
3 large eggs, 1 1/2 teaspoons pure vanilla extract, 1/2 teaspoon almond extract
In a separate bowl, whisk together the flour, baking powder, and salt until well combined.
3 cups all-purpose flour, 1 teaspoon baking powder, 1/2 teaspoon fine sea salt
With the mixer on low speed, add the dry ingredients to the butter mixture in two additions, mixing just until incorporated. The dough will be thick, like soft sugar cookie dough.
3 cups all-purpose flour, 1 teaspoon baking powder, 1/2 teaspoon fine sea salt
Scoop about two-thirds of the dough into the prepared pan. Use a spatula or lightly floured or damp fingertips to press it evenly across the bottom and into the corners.
Spoon the cherry pie filling or thick cherry preserves/jam over the dough and gently spread into an even layer, leaving about a 1/4-inch border around the edges.
1 can cherry pie filling
Drop small spoonfuls of the remaining dough evenly over the cherry layer. The cherries should still peek through in spots.
Bake for 28–35 minutes, or until the top is lightly golden and the edges are set. The center should look set but still soft, not wet or jiggly like liquid.
Place the pan on a wire rack and let the bars cool completely, 1–2 hours. For extra clean slices, chill briefly in the refrigerator after they reach room temperature.
In a small bowl, whisk together the powdered sugar, 2 tablespoons milk or cream, and 1/4 teaspoon almond extract until smooth. Adjust with more milk a teaspoon at a time if too thick, or a little extra powdered sugar if too thin, until it ribbons off the spoon.
1 cup powdered sugar, 2-3 tablespoons milk or cream, 1/4 teaspoon almond extract
Use the parchment overhang to lift the cooled bars from the pan onto a cutting board. Drizzle the almond glaze over the top in zigzags. Let the glaze set for 20–30 minutes, then slice into 24 small bars or up to 18 larger bars and serve.